Contents Online
Communications in Mathematical Sciences
Volume 13 (2015)
Number 5
Multi-hump solitary waves of a nonlinear Dirac equation
Pages: 1219 – 1242
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4310/CMS.2015.v13.n5.a7
Authors
Abstract
This paper concentrates on a $(1+1)$-dimensional nonlinear Dirac (NLD) equation with a general self-interaction, being a linear combination of the scalar, pseudoscalar, vector and axial vector self-interactions to the power of the integer $k+1$. The solitary wave solutions to the NLD equation are analytically derived, and the upper bounds of the hump number in the charge, energy and momentum densities for the solitary waves are proved analytically in theory. The results show that: (1) for a given integer $k$, the hump number in the charge density is not bigger than $4$, while that in the energy density is not bigger than $3$; (2) those upper bounds can only be achieved in the situation of higher nonlinearity, namely, $k \in \lbrace 5,6,7, \cdots \rbrace$ for the charge density and $k \in \lbrace 3,5,7, \cdots \rbrace$ for the energy density; (3) the momentum density has the same multi-hump structure as the energy density; (4) more than two humps (resp. one hump) in the charge (resp. energy) density can only happen under the linear combination of the pseudoscalar self-interaction and at least one of the scalar and vector (or axial vector) self-interactions. Our results on the multi-hump structure will be interesting in the interaction dynamics for the NLD solitary waves.
Keywords
nonlinear Dirac equation, solitary wave, multi-hump, self-interaction
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification
35L60, 35Q51, 37K40, 81Q05
Published 22 April 2015